The Paleontology of the midwest

Invertebrates from North America

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Dunbarella
Dunbarella
© 2003 Spencer Lucas, New Mexico Museum of Natural History

Ecphora gardnerae gardnerae
Ecphora gardnerae gardnerae
© 2006 R. Weller, Cochise College

Graptolites
Graptolites
© 2003 Otto S. Zapecza

What are Invertebrates? Invertebrates are multicellular animals without backbones. This very large group makes up 95% of living animal species, including such familiar organisms as insects, crabs, clams, and earthworms, as well as less familiar trilobites, brachiopods, and crinoids. Invertebrates dominate habitats as diverse as the deep sea, tide pools, coral reefs, rocks on stream bottoms, and soils. Although some invertebrates fossilize better than others, this group has a long fossil record, extending back to the Precambrian.

First known fossil occurrence: Precambrian.

Last known fossil occurrence: Quaternary. This group has living relatives.

Fossils through time:
Choose a time period to see what life was like:

Quaternary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Precambrian